Recognising hypoglycemia early
Eight warning signs, the 15-15 rescue rule, and when severe hypo becomes a 112-call situation. The single most actionable safety topic for insulin users.
Low blood sugar is the one diabetes complication that can hurt you in minutes. If you are on insulin or sulfonylureas, recognise it instantly.
Early warning signs
- Sudden desperate hunger
- Shakiness, trembling hands
- Sweating without reason
- Heart racing
- Anxiety or irritability
- Headache
- Tingling lips or tongue
- Sudden tiredness or fuzzy thinking
The 15-15 rule
If under 70 mg/dL (or symptoms severe): eat 15g fast carbs (3 glucose tabs, ½ cup juice, 1 tbsp sugar in water, 3 boiled sweets). Wait 15 minutes. Re-test. If still under 70, repeat. Once stable, eat a small protein/carb snack.
Severe hypo
If the person is confused, can't swallow, having a seizure, or unconscious: do not give food or water orally. Call 112 immediately. If glucagon is available, give it.