Plant-based diets and HbA1c
Meta-analysis-level evidence on vegetarian and vegan eating patterns vs Type 2 outcomes, with caveats for Indian protein adequacy and B12.
Plant-forward eating patterns are consistently associated with better diabetes outcomes in observational and trial data.
What the evidence shows
Vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with HbA1c reductions of 0.4-0.7%, weight loss, and improved cardiovascular markers in published meta-analyses.
Indian caveats
Indian vegetarian diets can be high in refined carbs (white rice, maida) and low in protein. The diabetic benefit comes from whole-food plant patterns: lentils, beans, vegetables, whole grains, nuts. Not from simply removing meat.
Watch for
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in lifelong vegetarians and vegans. Diabetic neuropathy can mimic B12 deficiency. Annual B12 testing is reasonable.